宾语补足语

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(1) [宾语补足语]宾语补足语是什么?形式有哪些?

在英文中,有许多动词可以带“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,如（make,name,let,force等）,宾语补足语也有许多形式,如名词,不定式,形容词以及副词、介词短语等.（1）Tom always makes his little sister cry.汤姆总是招他妹妹哭.（不带to的动词的不定式作宾语补足语） （2）The robber forced us to leave our house.强盗强迫我们离开屋子.（带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语） （3）Alice went out,having a basket on her back.爱丽斯出去了,背上背着个筐.（介词短语作宾语补足语） 8．as…as...的句型结构 as...as...中第一个as是副词,第二个as 是连词,其基本用法如下：如果我们要说两个东西在某方面是一样的,我们就可以用as…as…加一个原级形容词或副词.如：He drove as fast as he could.他尽可能快开.Call +宾语+宾语补足语 They called the baby Tom.宾语从句 I.宾语从句 即在复合句中作主句的（及物动词或介词）宾语.宾语从句通常由连接代词或 词引导；可分为四类：1．由 that引导的宾语从句（that没有任何意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文体中常可以省略）：I thought （that）the food was rather expensive.Mother knows (that) Jim will work hard.2.由 if /whether“是否” 引导的宾语从句：I wonder if/whether it was Disney who made the first cartoons.Could you tell me if/whether Mr.Black lives here?3.由 what,why,when,where,who,which,whose,whom,how 等 wh- 类连接代词或副词引导的宾语从句：Can anyone fail to see what kind of show they are putting on?Please tell me which class you are in?He asked me whom I was waiting for.The stranger doesn’t know when the ship arrives.I didn’t understand why the boy had so many questions.Please ask the teacher how we get to the place.4．由关系代词型what 等代词引导的宾语从句：We always mean what we say.

(2) [宾语补足语]宾语补足语的定义是什么?

宾语补足语就是用来对宾语加以补充说明的文字,和宾语一起构成复合宾语.可做宾语补足语的通常有名词,形容词、副词、不定式,分词等.宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.I found him clever.clever就是宾补,和him有主表的关系,即我们可以说：He is clever.I saw her playing on the playground.playing就是宾补,和宾语her有主谓逻辑关系,即我们可以说：She is playing.

(3) [宾语补足语]讲解一下宾语补足语

一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”.例如：My boss told me to type out two letters.分析：句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.They forbade her to leave the country.Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等.二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：I consider him to be the best candidate.分析：句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.I know him to be a liar.I suppose him to be away from home.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等.三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：He saw her enter the room.分析：句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.She won"t let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the children play games.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等.还有两个词组：listen to,look at.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to.请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.例如：A child was seen to enter the building.She was often heard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to.例如：I"ll help you(to) push the cart.分析：句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.上句的被动语态为：You"ll be helped to push the cart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：He shouted to me to come over.分析：句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.I depend on you to do it.I am counting on you to help me through.高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：shout to sb.to do,call on sb.to do,count on sb.to do,depend on sb.to do,wait for sb.to do等.六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式：He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.分析：句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态.由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后.故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.They are believed to have discussed the problem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：He is believed to be living in Mexico.分析：句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态.由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子.Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.He is thought to be hiding in the woods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时.例如：She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：he didn"t want her son to be taken away.分析：句中“She”做主语,“didn"t want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子.I"d like this room to be redecorated.He didn"t wish the subject to be mentioned in the letteR.

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